Effects of Climate Change on Takeoff Distance and Climb Rate; A Case Study: Boeing 737-800 Max Airplane
Keywords:
Aviation, Climate Change, Climb Rate, Pressure Altitude, Takeoff Distance, Takeoff PerformanceAbstract
The inevitable increase in average air temperature due to global warming undoubtedly affects the aviation sector as well. The increase in maximum and average air temperatures has a significant effect on the weight and fuel intake for takeoff performance, especially at airports with high altitudes and short runways. Air density is a critical factor in lift generation, and it can impact the aircraft's performance, especially during takeoff in warmer conditions. An augmentation in air temperature and pressure altitude is expected to decrease the takeoff performance. In this study, the impacts of climate change on the takeoff distance and climb rate for 10 airports in Türkiye are examined. This article examines the takeoff distance and climb rates in different periods during the summer months: past period from 1980 to 2010, the close future from 2023 to 2053, and the distant future from 2069 to 2099. The analysis reveals that as the air temperature increases, the takeoff distance increases by 4-7% and the climb rates decrease by 3-5% between close and distant future in summer.
Downloads
References
IPCC. Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, H. Lee and J. Romero, Eds. , 2023 pp. 1-34.
P. A. Stott, D. A. Stone, M. R. Allen, Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003, Nature 432(7017), 610-614 (2004).
D. Kumar, E. Kodra, A. R. Ganguly, Regional and seasonal intercomparison of CMIP3 and CMIP5 climate model ensembles for temperature and precipitation, Climate dynamics 43, 2491-2518 (2014).
T. Li, R. M. Horton, D. A. Bader, M. Zhou, X. Liang, J. Ban, ..., P. L Kinney, Aging will amplify the heat-related mortality risk under a changing climate: projection for the elderly in Beijing, China, Scientific Reports 6(1), 28161 (2016).
N. E. Höhne, N. Braun, H. Fekete, J. Larkin, M. Elzen, M. Roelfsema, ..., H. Böttcher, Greenhouse gas emission reduction proposals and national climate policies of major economies: Policy Brief, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bilthoven and ECOFYS, Utrecht. , (2012).
L. Andrés, E. Padilla, Driving factors of GHG emissions in the EU transport activity, Transport Policy 61, 60-74 (2018).
R. Burbidge, Adapting aviation to a changing climate: Key priorities for action, Journal of Air Transport Management 71, 167-174 (2018).
M. J. Koetse, P. Rietveld, The impact of climate change and weather on transport: An overview of empirical findings, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 14(3), 205-221 (2009).
D. Banister, The climate crisis and transport, Transport Reviews 39(5), 565-568 (2019).
E. D. Coffel, T. R. Thompson, R. M. Horton, The impacts of rising temperatures on aircraft takeoff performance, Climatic change 144, 381-388 (2017).
S. Lan, J. P Clarke, C. Barnhart, Planning for robust airline operations: Optimizing aircraft routings and flight departure times to minimize passenger disruptions, Transportation science 40(1), 15-28 (2006).
Y. Zhao, L. Sushama, Aircraft takeoff performance in a changing climate for Canadian airports, Atmosphere, 11(4), 418 (2020).
S. B. Young and A. T. Wells Airport planning and management. McGraw-Hill Education, 2011.
E. D. Coffel, R. M Horton, Reply to “Comment on ‘Climate Change and the Impact of Extreme Temperatures on Aviation’”, Weather, Climate, and Society 8(2), 207-208 (2016).
E. Coffel, R. Horton, Climate change and the impact of extreme temperatures on aviation, Weather, Climate, and Society 7(1), 94-102 (2015).
Y. Zhou, N. Zhang, C. Li, Y. Liu, P. Huang, Decreased takeoff performance of aircraft due to climate change, Climatic change, 151, 463-472 (2018).
Team FAAS, Density altitude. Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Education Pamphlet Federal Aviation Administration, 2008.
K., Wang, X. Peng, B. Dan, H. Liu, S. Cheng, N. Fu, ..., C. Liu, Decreased Aircraft Takeoff Performance under Global Warming, Atmosphere, 14(1), 106 (2023).
R. Burbidge, C. Paling, R. M. Dunk, A systematic review of adaption to climate change impacts in the aviation sector, Transport Reviews, 1-26 (2023).
B. Shinde, M. Sajjan, R. Telure, S. Thorat, V. Patil, R. Shaikh, “Design of Runway for Navi-Mumbai International Airport,” 2019.
Turkish State Meteorological Service, “Türkiye iklimi,” Turkish State Meteorological Service, DMİ 2008. [Online]. Available: http://www.mgm.gov.tr. [Accessed: Dec. 20, 2023].
E. Obada, A. E Alamou, E. J. Zandagba, I. E. Biao, A. Chabi, A. Afouda, “Comparative study of seven bias correction methods applied to three Regional Climate Models in Mekrou catchment,” in Benin, West Africa, 2016.
D. M. Jose, G. S Dwarakish, Bias Correction and trend analysis of temperature data by a high-resolution CMIP6 Model over a Tropical River Basin, Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 58(1), 97-115 (2022).
C. Piani, J. O. Haerter, E. Coppola, Statistical bias correction for daily precipitation in regional climate models over Europe, Theoretical and applied climatology, 99, 187-192 (2010).
A. Timilsina, A. Talchabhadel, V. P Pandey, “Rising Temperature Trends across the Narayani River Basin in Central Nepal Projected by CMIP6 Models,” in Proceedings of 10th IOE Graduate Conf. on Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, 2021, Nepal, [Online]. Available: http://www.ioe.edu.np. [Accessed: Dec. 18, 2023].
H. H Hurt, Aerodynamics for naval aviators. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Aviation Training Division, 1965.
W. James, P. O’Dell, R. Royce, “Derated climb performance in large civil aircraft,” in Rolls–Royce, Conf. on Boeing Performance and Flight Operations Engineering, 2005.
J. D Anderson and M. L. Bowden Introduction to flight (Vol. 582). New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2005.
G.B Gratton, P.D Williams, A. Padhra, S. Rapsomanikis, Reviewing the impacts of climate change on air transport operations, The Aeronautical Journal, 126(1295), 209-221 (2022).
R. Christie, S. Ramirez, D. G. MacManus, “Aero-engine installation modelling and the impact on overall flight performance,” in Advanced aero concepts, design and operations conference,Vol. 27, June, 2014.
B.C Airplanes, “Airplane characteristics for airport planning,” B.C Airplanes, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://amazonaws.com. [Accessed: Dec. 12, 2023].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Aeronautics and Space Technologies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The manuscript with title and authors is being submitted for publication in Journal of Aeronautics and Space Technologies. This article or a major portion of it was not published, not accepted and not submitted for publication elsewhere. If accepted for publication, I hereby grant the unlimited and all copyright privileges to Journal of Aeronautics and Space Technologies.
I declare that I am the responsible writer on behalf of all authors.
